Imagine a castle surrounded by guards. The guards’ job is to protect the castle from invaders. What would happen if, instead, the guards turned around and started attacking the castle?
This is one way to think about autoimmune diseases. Like the guards, the immune system is the body’s defense against outside invaders. It’s a network of organs, cells, and proteins that helps keep you from being sick all the time by fighting off disease-causing germs. But when someone has an autoimmune disease, their immune system attacks the body’s own tissues instead. “The guards end up damaging the castle,” explains Ann Marie Reed. She’s a professor of pediatrics at Duke University in North Carolina who studies autoimmune diseases in children.
More than 80 conditions fall under the umbrella of autoimmune diseases. There’s a lot researchers don’t know about them. Some are genetic (passed down from family members), but in most cases, scientists aren’t sure what causes an autoimmune condition. “There’s a misconception for kids with autoimmune diseases that they did something wrong,” says Reed. “That is not the case.”
Autoimmune diseases are chronic illnesses. This means the people who have them usually have to manage symptoms their whole lives. Luckily, there are effective treatments for many of these conditions. Some people with autoimmune diseases are able to live normally. But for others, managing symptoms is a constant struggle.
Read on to meet three young people who live with autoimmune diseases, and learn how they’ve grown to feel empowered.