Left: Claire Leland18-year-old from Ohio, lives with celiac disease; Center: Antonio Carmon, 14-year-old from North Carolina, lives with type 1 diabetes; Right: Kaylaa’ White, 22-year-old from Virginia, lives with Crohn’s disease.

Shutterstock.com (Background, Tape); Courtesy of Families (Claire Leland, Antonio Carmon); Courtesy of Kaylaa’ White (Kaylaa’ White)

Standards

We Have Autoimmune Diseases

Three young people share what it’s like to live with a chronic illness.

As you read, ask yourself: What behaviors have Claire, Antonio, and Kaylaa’ had to change to manage their health conditions?  

Imagine a castle surrounded by guards. The guards’ job is to protect the castle from invaders. What would happen if, instead, the guards turned around and started attacking the castle?

This is one way to think about autoimmune diseases. Like the guards, the immune system is the body’s defense against outside invaders. It’s a network of organs, cells, and proteins that helps keep you from being sick all the time by fighting off disease-causing germs. But when someone has an autoimmune disease, their immune system attacks the body’s own tissues instead. “The guards end up damaging the castle,” explains Ann Marie Reed. She’s a professor of pediatrics at Duke University in North Carolina who studies autoimmune diseases in children.

More than 80 conditions fall under the umbrella of autoimmune diseases. There’s a lot researchers don’t know about them. Some are genetic (passed down from family members), but in most cases, scientists aren’t sure what causes an autoimmune condition. “There’s a misconception for kids with autoimmune diseases that they did something wrong,” says Reed. “That is not the case.”

Autoimmune diseases are chronic illnesses. This means the people who have them usually have to manage symptoms their whole lives. Luckily, there are effective treatments for many of these conditions. Some people with autoimmune diseases are able to live normally. But for others, managing symptoms is a constant struggle.

Read on to meet three young people who live with autoimmune diseases, and learn how they’ve grown to feel empowered.

 Claire Leland 

Living With CELIAC DISEASE

Courtesy of Families

Claire with her parents and brother at Niagara Falls

Claire Leland started experiencing symptoms of her autoimmune condition when she was just 3. “I had really bad stomach pain. It got to the point where I missed a ton of preschool,” she says. Claire underwent tests as doctors tried to figure out the issue. “It was hard for me to understand what was going on,” she says.

At age 5, Claire was diagnosed with celiac disease, or celiac. For people with celiac, eating any food containing gluten triggers the immune system, causing it to attack the lining of their intestines. This leads to problems such as pain, fatigue, and digestive issues.

The only treatment for celiac is a strict gluten-free diet. Many people know that gluten is in foods like bread and pasta, but it can also be found in some surprising items like salad dressings, potato chips, and even lip balm. “I don’t remember what Cheez-Its or Goldfish taste like,” says Claire. “All I’ve ever known is gluten-free food.”

Shutterstock.com

People with celiac must also be careful about cross-contamination (when gluten-free food comes into contact with gluten). For Claire, consuming even a tiny amount of gluten can lead to stomach pain, headaches, and exhaustion. From a young age, she has had to be hyperalert about what she eats. “In elementary school, when people were celebrating birthdays, I’d bring my own treats,” she says. As she’s gotten older, Claire has learned how to advocate for herself, clearly explaining her dietary requirements.

Today Claire is dedicated to helping others with celiac. She has mentored a younger child with celiac through a program set up by her doctor’s office. In 2023, she launched Celiac Support Collective, a nonprofit group aimed at making sure food banks are stocked with gluten-free food. “Many people who need it may not be able to afford it,” says Claire. “I’ve been raising money and addressing the lack of education surrounding celiac disease.”

 Antonio Carmon 

Living With TYPE 1 DIABETES

Courtesy of Families

Antonio relaxing with his two dogs

One day when Antonio Carmon was 12, his mom noticed that he seemed off. “I had to urinate a lot,” remembers Antonio. “I was constantly sweating and wanting water.” They drove to his pediatrician’s office, where Antonio was diagnosed with type 1 diabetes (T1D), a condition that can be very dangerous if untreated. He was taken to the local hospital, then airlifted to a larger hospital for treatment. “If I hadn’t gone to the doctor, I could have passed away,” Antonio says.

People with T1D need help regulating the sugar levels in their blood. Persistently high or low blood sugar—or rapidly fluctuating blood sugar—can do serious harm to the body.

Antonio returned home after a few days, but his life was forever changed. He now wears a sensor that constantly monitors his blood sugar levels and a medical pump that injects insulin under his skin when he needs it. Antonio’s pump is connected to a palm-sized device he hooks on his pants or puts in his pocket. “If I’m swimming or showering, I can disconnect it, but then I have to keep an eye on my blood sugar because I’m not getting insulin during that time,” he explains.

Antonio is still adjusting to life with T1D. He’s taken a break from sports. He often feels anxious and frequently checks his monitors. “My brain is always focused on my blood sugar,” says Antonio.

One thing that has helped: Community. The past two summers, Antonio has attended a camp for kids with T1D. “I’d never talked about diabetes unless it was with family or really close friends,” he says. “It’s nice to have a group of people I can safely discuss my experiences with.”

 Kaylaa’ White 

Living With CROHN'S DISEASE

Courtesy of Kaylaa’ White

Kaylaa’ at a concert in Raleigh, North Carolina

Kaylaa’ White started noticing gastrointestinal symptoms when she was 16. “I had abdominal cramping and blood in my stool, and I was constantly going to the bathroom,” she says. Kaylaa’ underwent a colonoscopy, a procedure in which doctors examine the inside of the intestines. That led to a diagnosis of Crohn’s disease. This condition causes excessive inflammation in the intestines. It can affect other parts of the body too, like joints, skin, and eyes.

Kaylaa’ was first treated with medications, but they weren’t enough. “My first day of senior year in high school, I was in so much pain I couldn’t get out of bed,” she remembers. She was hospitalized several times that year. The next fall, Kaylaa’ started college in New York City. But within a few months, her symptoms led her to return home to Virginia, where she continued school remotely. In the years since, she’s had seven surgeries.

Throughout her journey, Kaylaa’ has channeled her experiences into writing. She has self-published one book of poetry and is working on a second. She speaks at conferences about how poetry can help people with chronic illness and shares her experiences with Crohn’s on Instagram.

Courtesy of Kaylaa’ White

Kaylaa’ White’s book

Kaylaa’ now has a permanent ostomy. That’s a surgically placed hole in the abdomen that serves as a path for waste to leave the body. Attached to this opening is a bag that must be emptied a few times a day. The procedure can help relieve symptoms and reduce the need for medication in some people with Crohn’s. “I’m a lot lighter—I’m not in as much pain,” says Kaylaa’. “It was definitely the right decision for me.”

Kaylaa’ mostly feels empowered by her experiences, but sometimes she is still self-conscious about her ostomy. “I know it saved my life,” she says. “Any issues I have with my ostomy are due to social norms. Society is just not where it needs to be with acknowledging those differences.”

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